Safety in working with lasers
Lasers are an integral part of many fields of modern science and technology. From medicine to industry, their versatile applications have contributed to significant advances in many fields. However, before working with lasers, it is essential to understand the basic risks associated with radiation emissions, wavelengths, energy, power and how to minimize risks. Key safety aspects of working with lasers are discussed below.
Laser Classes:
A basic step in understanding the safety of working with lasers is to know their classes. The classification of lasers takes into account the degree of potential danger to humans and the environment. Laser radiation can be harmful to the eyes and skin, so this classification is a key point of reference.
According to ISO 60825-1:2014, lasers are divided into four main classes:
- Class 1: Lasers in this class are considered safe under normal conditions of use. They do not cause harm to the eyes or skin, even with prolonged exposure.
- Class 2: Lasers in this class emit visible radiation that can be harmful to the eyes when viewed directly, but are generally safe for incidental exposure.
- Class 3: Lasers in this class can be harmful to the eyes if viewed directly or with optical instruments. They are generally safe for normal use, but can pose a risk with prolonged exposure.
- Class 4: Lasers in this class can cause serious injury to the eyes and skin, even with short-term exposure. They require special safeguards and caution during use.
When classifying lasers, other factors should also be taken into account, such as the surface to which the radiation is directed and also the method of use. The vast majority of medical lasers are Class 4 devices.
Radiation emission:
Laser radiation covers a wide range of wavelengths that can have different effects on the human body. The wavelength determines how deeply the radiation penetrates tissues and what its effects may be. For example, near-infrared radiation can penetrate deeply, while ultraviolet radiation mainly affects the skin. These properties are key in choosing the right device for a particular application. Aesthetic medicine or dermatology treatments require a different interaction with tissue and surgical lasers a completely different one.
Laser energy and power:
The energy and power of lasers are key parameters that determine the intensity of the radiation. The higher the energy and power, the greater the health risk. Therefore, controlling these parameters and using appropriate safeguards is essential to ensure safety. In modern laser devices, parameter selection is facilitated by defined treatment programs. This minimizes the risk of working with too much power and ensures even better treatment results.
Appropriate safeguards:
When working with lasers, proper safeguards such as safety glasses (selected for a specific wavelength), shielding, and emergency systems should be used. In addition, ensuring adequate ventilation and limiting access to laser work areas also play a key role in preventing accidents.
Personnel training:
Care should be taken to ensure that doctors and staff working with lasers are properly trained. Trainees should be aware of potential hazards and the principles of safe laser use. Training should include hazard identification, emergency procedures and operation of protective equipment. Crucially for medical equipment, training in the procedures to be performed should be conducted by a specialist with extensive experience.
Safety in working with lasers is an extremely important issue that requires understanding and adherence to certain rules. The key aspects are laser classes, radiation emission, energy and power, proper safeguards, and training of doctors and staff. Following these rules will minimize the risk of accidents and keep the workplace safe.